Claire Shipman’s research for The Confidence Code reveals that girls learn perfectionism in grade school, striving to please others, while boys are encouraged to take risks and accept failure, leading to differing adult attitudes towards risk-taking and comfort zones.

Professor Cass Sunstein highlights that “sludge,” or bureaucratic frictions like excessive paperwork and waiting times, hinders access to benefits, and suggests conducting a sludge audit to streamline workflows and improve quality of life by identifying and reducing these inefficiencies.

In this video lesson, Professor Cass Sunstein explores the concept of “sludge”—the bureaucratic obstacles that hinder access to essential services—using Kafka’s “The Trial” and a COVID-19 case study to illustrate how reducing these barriers can improve people’s lives.

In a video lesson, Professor Cass Sunstein discusses how bureaucratic delays, termed “sludge,” hinder our access to desired services and offers strategies for organizations to minimize these frictions, ultimately reclaiming valuable time for individuals.

Entrepreneur Nathalie Molina Niño emphasizes that organizations can compensate individuals creatively beyond monetary payments, such as partnering with universities for housing support or building alternative funding programs, encouraging a smarter approach to value provision.